lemp server[Linux nginx mysql php]+wordpress+port forwarding + dynamic dns{2nd spirula task}

I would like to inform at the first that I wrote this after I finished my work and i couldn’t revise it well ,so fell free to ask,use ,or even correct whatever you want .Actually I mentioned the use/the reason for every single command here to give you the needed concept to search for the reason if it didn’t work/gave you un expecteded o/p .

I would like too to mention that this tutorial helped me aloot even in writing this http://interfacelab.com/nginx-php-fpm-apc-awesome/

ok now i will write a fast How-to for my second task

I was asked to do the foloowing :

-Install a LEMP server {Linux nginx mysql php }

-choose any open source bloging project and install it {choosed wordpress}

-configure my ADSL router to port forward any requests to my server {http , ssh}

-install dynamic dns  client on my server and make it update my free sub-domian reserved at dyndns.net continously

Some notes && background :

-nginx is a very powerfull web server which is well known with its great performance .although it is well known too that it dont have many modules and options like other web servers{apache …etc}.It is v v light though you can use it as a reversed proxy {This is actually one of the common uses for it }

-nginx dont handle php scripts from modules but the only way is to use fast cgi {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastCGI}as a concept .We can here use spawn-fgci or php-fpm .at the first i used spwn but later I moved to php-fpm .because it has less errors and better performance .

-php-fpm is actually a patching to the php source code no more .

-I choosed wordpress as I am using a P3 machine in my office,and wordpess is +performance than drupal{although drupal has many and many added options }

-I have a repotec ADSL router {will find the model and wirte it here later inshallah}.please note that there is some brands/models of ADSL modems+routers{including mine } don’t  provide the port forwarding in a stable way .and there is others that don’t work at all .

-As i don’t have a static IP in my ADSL line I have to setup a dynamic dns client that will update a sub dmoain registered for free on dyndns.net so that any time i want to access my server i will find that it has updated the real ip of my adsl line and binded it to my-sub-dmain.dyndns.net

Notes:

-Installation was not smooth at all .There was many and may depencies I had to reolve ,many errors to handle and so .For sorry I couldn’t take snapshots of all of them but :-I will try to remeber and search 2-You are welcomed to leave a comment/send me asking {actually I prefer to comment to let others see the question and the answer }

Now lets see the work plan

-install some depencies

-download php {i used 5.2.13 }

-download php-fpm {note that every php version has its php-fpm }

-compile,make,make install php

-some modules

-edit some php configuration files

-installing mysql

-install php5-mysql

-downloading and installing nginx

-configuring a default site for nginx

-starting &&testing

-adding them to startup

Step-by-step

apt-get install make bison flex gcc patch autoconf subversion loca

apt-get install libxml2-dev libbz2-dev libpcre3-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libmcrypt-dev libmhash-dev libmhash2 libcurl4-openssl-dev libpq-dev libpq5 libsyck0-dev

#To me I found later many and many other depencies .

cd /usr/local/src/

#now you have to download php .choose a mirror from here ,copy its link location then wget it[http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.13.tar.gz/from/a/mirror]..this is for php 5.2.13 which i used,feel free to choose any other version you want,just make sure you can find its php-fpm from here [http://php-fpm.org/downloads/]

tar zxvf  [php tarball name ]

#download its php-fpm from here [http://php-fpm.org/downloads/]

wget  [php-fpm source ]

#patch

gzip -cd php-5.2.8-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.8 -p1

#compile & install php

./configure --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt --with-zlib --enable-mbstring --disable-pdo --with-pgsql --with-curl --disable-debug --enable-pic --disable-rpath --enable-inline-optimization --with-bz2 --with-xml --with-zlib --enable-sockets --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-pcntl --enable-mbregex --with-mhash --enable-xslt --enable-memcache --enable-zip --with-pcre-regex --with-mysql

#at the last command you can have a look and remove any options you are sure you will not need it ..BUT ….please take care .To me I didn’t add –with-mysql at the first .this led me to many troubles ..{I will talk about this later inshallah}

#now installing

make all install

#I dunno why this command but it is found in all How-Tos I used

strip /usr/local/bin/php-cgi

#installing some modules

pecl install memcache

pecl install apc

pecl install syck-beta

cp /usr/local/src/php-5.2.8/php.ini-recommended /usr/local/lib/php.ini

mkdir /etc/php/

ln -s /usr/local/lib/php.ini /etc/php/php.ini

ln -s /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf /etc/php/php-fpm.conf

#now we have to edit /etc/php/php-fpm.conf to set the user and group options

<value name="owner">www-data</value>

<value name="group">www-data</value>

<value name="user">www-data</value>

<value name="group">www-data</value>

#now its time for nginx,feel free to choose the vesrion you want

cd ..

sudo wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.6.35.tar.gz

sudo tar zxvf nginx-0.6.35.tar.gz

sudo rm -f nginx-0.6.35.tar.gz

cd nginx-0.6.35

sudo ./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/sbin --with-http_ssl_module --without-mail_pop3_module --without-mail_imap_module --without-mail_smtp_module --with-http_stub_status_module

sudo make && sudo make install

#lets make it easier to reach config file

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/conf /etc/nginx

#at /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params we have to add some parameters for fast cgi

fastcgi_connect_timeout 60;

fastcgi_send_timeout 180;

fastcgi_read_timeout 180;

fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;

fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

#now we have to make a startup file called /etc/init.d/nginx like this :  note that I have added a comment to inform you with the end of the file

#! /bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          nginx
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:     $all
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/local/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -f /etc/default/nginx ] ; then
. /etc/default/nginx
fi

set -e

case “$1″ in
start)
echo -n “Starting $DESC: “
start-stop-daemon –start –quiet –pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
–exec $DAEMON — $DAEMON_OPTS
echo “$NAME.”
;;
stop)
echo -n “Stopping $DESC: “
start-stop-daemon –stop –quiet –pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
–exec $DAEMON
echo “$NAME.”
;;
restart|force-reload)
echo -n “Restarting $DESC: “
start-stop-daemon –stop –quiet –pidfile \
/usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid –exec $DAEMON
sleep 1
start-stop-daemon –start –quiet –pidfile \
/usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid –exec $DAEMON — $DAEMON_OPTS
echo “$NAME.”
;;
reload)
echo -n “Reloading $DESC configuration: “
start-stop-daemon –stop –signal HUP –quiet –pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
–exec $DAEMON
echo “$NAME.”
;;
*)
N=/etc/init.d/$NAME
#echo “Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|force-reload}” >&2
exit 1
;;
esac

exit 0

#——————This is the end of the file ————————————-#

mkdir /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled

sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sites-enabled /etc/sites

#And now let’s add a conf file for our default site at /etc/sites/default.conf. The contents:,note that this some times this is in different file .

server {

listen *:80;

location / {

root   /var/www/default/pub;

index index.php;

# if file exists return it right away

if (-f $request_filename) {

break;

}

# otherwise rewrite the fucker

if (!-e $request_filename) {

rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.php$1 last;

break;

}

}

# if the request starts with our frontcontroller, pass it on to fastcgi

location ~ ^/index.php

{

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/default/pub$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;

include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params;

}

}

#now start

php-fm start

/etc/init.d/nginx start

#then  test

-create a html file called index.htm which just contain any sentense  like hi this is my server …

-open a browser then write the ip address of the server …you must see the sentense

-delete the first file and create another one called index.php and copy& paste these lines into it

<?php

echo “if i saw ONLY this sentense ,then webserver and php are running “;

?>

-you must see this only “if i saw ONLY this sentense ,then webserver and php are running “

#ok ,now congratulations ,your server is running ,just we have to make it startup with  the system startup automaticlly

update-rc.d nginx defaults

#this will add the script we created before {/etc/init.d/nginx } to the directories that control the run levels so that it start with the system startup

#now we have to create a nother 1 for php-fpm

vi /etc/php-fpm

#then add this line

php-fpm $1

#then add it to startup

update-rc.d php-fpm

#note: this didn’t work with me so i edited /etc/init.d/nginx and added the line

php-fpm start

and

php-fpm stop at the two condition parts

Port forwarding

simply  configuring port forwarding on my ADSL modem+routr means that I am telling my router to redirect requests that come to defined ports to a local machine that is connected to the lan card .

Simply we will need to port-foward 2 ports :

- 80 which the web server use

- 22 which ssh use {you may prefer ot to add it if you dont ssh your server from any other network}

port forwarding is pretty easy ,you can find the instructions for your router model from [www.portforward.com]

it is some times called virtual server too

dynamic dns

#ok ,now we have a problem ,which is ……every time I restart my router it is granted a new ip address fromt he isp so if i found that this is myu ip today [x.x.x.x] then tried after the next reboot to use it  iw ill find that it has changed ….so as we are having a dynamic changing of ip addresses we will solve it with dynamic dns

…simsply i will reserve a free sub domain then install a small program called dynamic dns client on my server ..this client will have to update my subdomain with the new ip address every time it is changed …so i can access my server through this sub domain

#go to www.dyndns.com

create a free account

choose to add a host

create a sub domain

then

#install inadyn

apt-get install inadyn

now use this command

inadyn –username [username u reserved at dyndns] –password [your password ] –update_period_sec 600 –alias [your sub domain name] &

#try to access your server from internet …PLEASE note that if you tried from the local network you MUST use any online proxy

#finally we have to create a /etc/init.d file for inadyn

#here is mine {note that i will tell you in a comment that this is the end if the file }

#!/bin/sh

case “$1″ in
“start”)inadyn –username zakishan –password master77 –update_period_sec 600 –alias zakishan.dnsalias.net &
;;
“stop”)
x=`pgrep inadyn`
kill -9 $x
;;
*)echo enter valid start/stop
esac

#finally add it to the system startup using update-rc.d

update-rc.d inadyn defaults

#reboot your server ,check your log files ,test your server again and …..get ready to install the word press …..

Word press installation

#You can easily follow this [http://codex.wordpress.org/Installing_WordPress],I just quoted some of its instructions

#simply wordpress will use our mysql database so we have to

-create a username and password for it to use

-create a databse

-grant the user privileges on this DB

-edit the wordpress configuration files and tell him what user ,pass and db will it use

-run the installation script which will create the tables the application need  and set the configuration entries

ok .now lets begin with mysql

mysql -u root -p

#it will ask you about the password you entered when you installed it

now

create user [username] identfied by [password ];

then

create database [db-name];

then

grant [username] *.* on [db-name]

#now we have to download the wordpress project tarball

wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz

#extract it to the path you want inside the root directory of the site you created before#Rename the wp-config-sample.php file to wp-config.php

#edit it ,find these lines  and give it the username/password/db

#now from your browser access the install.php file inside the wp-admin directory which you can found in your extracted folder of wordpress inside the root /whatever where you placed it

……

congratulaitions

And now let’s add a conf file for our default site at /etc/sites/default.conf. The contents:

view source

print?

01.server {

02. listen *:80;

03.

04. location / {

05. root   /var/www/default/pub;

06. index index.php;

07.

08. # if file exists return it right away

09. if (-f $request_filename) {

10. break;

11. }

12.

13. # otherwise rewrite the fucker

14. if (!-e $request_filename) {

15. rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.php$1 last;

16. break;

17. }

18.

19. }

20.

21. # if the request starts with our frontcontroller, pass it on to fastcgi

22. location ~ ^/index.php

23. {

24. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

25. fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/default/pub$fastcgi_script_name;

26. fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;

27. include /usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params;

28. }

29.}

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